Used to direct flow between different directions, always use the next size up to stop reducing flow, don't forget adaptor bushes. PLEASE NOTE all our pipe is fully fish safe and has been used by us for many years, all joints are glue fittings using standard 'solvent weld' glue available from us or most DIY shops. All our pipework is metric and directly compatible with all European pipe such as VDL, it is also directly compatible with Aqua Medic Deltec Surchan and almost all European equipment. It will not fit directly onto most U.K. sourced pipework without a metric to imperial adaptor. If you are in any doubt please contact us for advice.